The spouses who lost their loved ones in the January 26, 2020 helicopter crash were awarded $31 million in a lawsuit on Wednesday.
NBA all-star Kobe Bryant, his daughter Gianna, Sarah Chester, her daughter Payton, and 6 other people all died in the crash.
Vanessa Bryant, wife of Kobe Bryant and mother of Gianna, along with Christopher Chester, husband of Sarah and father of Payton, sued the sheriff’s department and fire department in September 2020.
The lawsuit accused the departments of exploiting photos taken of the bodies at the scene. Bryant and Chester say their civil rights were violated and were seeking compensation for pain and suffering.
Around 4 p.m. on Wednesday, a Los Angeles jury ruled in their favor and awarded a total of $31 million to be paid. Vanessa Bryant is due $16 million, $10 million from the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department and $6 million from the Los Angeles County Fire Department.
Chester was awarded $15 million, $9 million from the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department and $6 million from the the Los Angeles County Fire Department.
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Post-Cycle Therapy (PCT) Overview
Post-cycle therapy (PCT) is a fertility treatment designed to help individuals
conceive by focusing on ovulation and hormonal balance following
a cycle of stimulation.
Ovarian Function: PCT works by supporting the
natural ovarian function, typically after a stimulated cycle,
without the need for egg retrieval.
Hormonal Support: Medications are used to regulate hormones and optimize the chances of conception.
Effectiveness: It has been shown to improve pregnancy rates in both natural and IVF cycles when combined
with other treatments like ICSI.
PCT is often recommended for patients with irregular
ovulation, poor responders to stimulation, or those who
prefer non-invasive methods of fertility treatment.
Post Cycle Therapy (PCT) is a critical component of steroid cycle management for bodybuilders and athletes.
It serves as a recovery phase designed to restore hormonal balance after the use of
anabolic steroids or performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs). Without proper PCT,
users may experience a host of unwanted side effects, including testicular atrophy, infertility,
and other health complications.
The primary purpose of PCT is to stimulate the body’s natural hormone
production, particularly testosterone, which often drops significantly after steroid use.
This drop in testosterone can lead to various undesirable symptoms such as fatigue, muscle catabolism (muscle wasting), and an increased risk of
injury. By implementing a well-structured PCT protocol,
users can help restore their hormonal equilibrium and resume natural hormone production.
One of the most commonly used classes of medications in PCT is Selective
Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs). These drugs work by blocking the action of estrogen in the body, which can help mitigate estrogen-related side effects while supporting the recovery of
testosterone. Some of the most popular SERMs used in PCT include Clomiphene Citrate and Nolvadex (Tamoxifen Citrate).
**Clomiphene Citrate** is a powerful tool for stimulating endogenous testosterone production.
It works by acting as a mild estrogen receptor blocker, which can help prevent the negative effects of estrogen dominance while encouraging the testes
to resume producing hormones on their own. Clomiphene is often combined with other
medications like Nolvadex to enhance its effects.
**Nolvadex (Tamoxifen Citrate)** is another widely used
SERM in PCT protocols. It functions by binding to estrogen receptors and blocking
their activity, which helps reduce the negative feedback loop that suppresses testosterone production. Nolvadex
is particularly effective at combating gynecomastia (breast enlargement in males) and other
estrogen-related side effects.
**Raloxifene (Evista)** and **Toremifene (Fareston Citrate)**
are also commonly incorporated into PCT protocols. Raloxifene, while primarily used for osteoporosis prevention in women, has shown promise in supporting hormonal recovery in men by
acting as a selective estrogen blocker. Toremifene, on the other hand, is a potent
aromatase inhibitor that can help suppress estrogen production and restore testosterone levels.
**Enclomiphene (Androxal)** is another SERM that has gained
popularity in recent years. It works similarly to Clomiphene but with more potency, making it a favorite among bodybuilders seeking robust PCT outcomes.
Its ability to stimulate natural testosterone production while
minimizing estrogen-related side effects makes it a
versatile tool in recovery.
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are another class of medications frequently used in PCT.
These drugs work by inhibiting the enzyme aromatase, which converts androgens into estrogens.
By reducing estrogen levels, AIs can help mitigate side effects like gynecomastia and water retention while promoting higher testosterone
levels. Some of the most commonly used AIs in PCT include Arimidex
(Anastrozole), Aromasin (Exemestane), and Letrozole (Femara).
**Arimidex (Anastrozole)** is one of the most potent aromatase inhibitors available.
It effectively blocks estrogen production, which can help restore testosterone levels and improve recovery.
Arimidex is particularly useful for individuals experiencing
significant gynecomastia or other estrogen-related issues during steroid use.
**Aromasin (Exemestane)** is another powerful AI that has
been shown to be effective in PCT protocols. It works by inhibiting aromatase, thereby reducing estrogen levels and promoting the recovery
of testosterone production. Aromasin is often preferred due to its ability to minimize side effects
like muscle weakness and fatigue.
**Letrozole (Femara)** is a third-generation aromatase inhibitor that has become increasingly popular in recent years.
It is known for its high efficacy in blocking estrogen production while maintaining minimal side effect profiles.
Letrozole is often used in conjunction with other medications
like Clomiphene and Nolvadex to maximize recovery outcomes.
**Arimistane (ATD)** is another AI that is sometimes included in PCT protocols.
It works by inhibiting estrogen synthesis, which can help improve testosterone levels
and reduce the risk of side effects like gynecomastia and water retention. Arimistane is particularly useful for
individuals who experience significant estrogen-related issues during steroid use.
HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) is another hormone often used in PCT.
HCG stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH), which can help maintain testicular function and support natural
testosterone production. While HCG is not a
first-line PCT medication, it is often used by advanced users to enhance recovery outcomes.
Dopamine agonists like **Cabergoline (Caber)** and **Pramipexole (Prami)** are occasionally
used in PCT to address issues like hypogonadism and sexual dysfunction. These drugs work by
stimulating the release of dopamine, which can help regulate hormones and improve overall recovery.
Vitamin B6 (P-5-P) is another commonly recommended supplement during
PCT. Vitamin B6 plays a critical role in hormone synthesis
and regulation, and its supplementation has been shown to enhance recovery outcomes by
supporting natural testosterone production.
**Alpha-Reductase Inhibitors (ARIs)** like Finasteride (Propecia) and Dutasteride
(Avodart) are also sometimes used in PCT. These medications work by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which
can help reduce androgenic side effects like hair loss, acne, and prostate enlargement.
Finasteride is one of the most widely used
ARIs in PCT. It effectively blocks DHT synthesis, which can help reduce androgenic side effects while preserving testosterone
levels. Finasteride has been shown to be particularly effective for treating male pattern hair loss and acne associated with steroid use.
Dutasteride (Avodart) is another potent ARI that is sometimes used in PCT.
Like Finasteride, Dutasteride inhibits DHT production, but
it does so more effectively at lower doses.
Dutasteride is often preferred for individuals who experience significant hair loss or other androgenic side
effects during steroid use.
On-Cycle Therapy (OCT) refers to the use of medications like Nolvadex or Clomiphene during the steroid cycle, rather than after it.
While OCT is not as common as PCT, it can be used in certain cases where early intervention is needed
to manage side effects.
Anti-estrogenic ancillaries are additional medications that can be
used alongside PCT to help manage estrogen-related side effects.
These include drugs like Anastrozole and Letrozole, which
work by blocking estrogen receptors and reducing estrogen levels in the body.
Gynecomastia is a common side effect of steroid use that can lead to breast enlargement in males.
While Clomiphene and Nolvadex are often used to combat this issue, more advanced users may opt for stronger medications like Arimidex or Letrozole to
achieve better results.
Water retention, or bloating, is another common side effect
of steroid use that can be managed effectively with medications like Spironolactone and Hydrochlorothalitone (HCT), which help
reduce water retention while supporting recovery.
Acne is a frequent side effect of steroid use, particularly in individuals
with higher levels of estrogen. Nolvadex and Acetretin (a derivative of
vitamin A) are commonly used to treat acne during PCT, helping to reduce breakouts and promote clearer skin.
Sexual dysfunction is another common issue that can arise from steroid use,
often due to low testosterone levels or the suppressive effects of certain medications.
Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) or medications like Sildenafil (Viagra) can help restore sexual health during PCT.
Hair loss is a prevalent side effect of steroid use, particularly
in individuals with predispositions to male pattern baldness.
Finasteride and Dutasteride are widely used to combat hair loss during PCT, helping to preserve or regrow lost hair.
Acne (androgenic) is another common side effect that can be effectively managed
with medications like Nolvadex and Spironolactone. These drugs work to reduce acne while supporting hormonal recovery and overall health.
Prostate growth (benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH)
is a potential side effect of steroid use that can be addressed during PCT with medications
like Finasteride or Dutasteride. These drugs not only help reduce hair loss but
also inhibit DHT synthesis, which can slow prostate enlargement.
Anti-progestogenic ancillaries are sometimes used in conjunction with PCT to address specific side effects related to progesterone activity.
Drugs like Mifepristone (RU-486) and Megestrol acetate (MA) can help manage symptoms like
mood swings and bloating associated with steroid use.
Gynecomastia and lactation are rare but serious side effects that can occur
as a result of steroid use. Advanced PCT protocols often include stronger medications like Arimidex
or Letrozole to effectively manage these conditions and restore
hormonal balance.
Erectile dysfunction is another common issue that can be addressed during PCT with
the help of medications like Sildenafil (Viagra) or Tadalafil (Cialis).
These drugs work by relaxing blood vessels, improving blood flow to the penis and restoring sexual function.
Post-Cycle Therapy (PCT) refers to the period of time after steroid use in which recovery and regeneration take place.
Properly implemented PCT is essential for maintaining long-term health and performance,
ensuring that users do not experience the negative effects of prolonged steroid use.
Blasting and cruising refer to the process of using steroids during the off-season to increase muscle mass and strength.
While blasting can lead to rapid gains, it often results in unfavorable side effects that must be addressed during PCT.
Proper recovery is crucial for achieving long-term success in bodybuilding.
Transitioning to PCT involves carefully planning
the timing and implementation of recovery protocols to ensure optimal results.
This includes determining the appropriate medications, dosage levels, and duration of treatment based on individual needs and steroid
use history.
PCT Protocols for Steroid Users: Clomid and Nolvadex are two of the most commonly used medications in PCT for steroid users.
They work synergistically to stimulate natural testosterone production while minimizing estrogen-related side effects.
While Clomiphene is often the first line of defense, Nolvadex can be
added to enhance results.
PCT Length: The duration of a PCT can vary depending on the
individual’s steroid use history and the severity of their hormonal imbalances.
A typical cycle may last 4-6 weeks, though some users may require up to 12 weeks
or more to fully restore natural hormone production.
PCT Dosage: Dosage is another critical factor in PCT protocols.
Clomiphene and Nolvadex are typically administered at doses ranging from 50mg to 150mg per day, adjusted based on individual needs and response.
Higher doses may be necessary for individuals with
more severe hormonal imbalances.
PCT Protocols for SARM Users: While SARMs (Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators)
are not steroids, they can still suppress natural hormone production and require PCT to restore balance.
For mild suppression, Clomiphene or Nolvadex may be sufficient, while more potent
suppression may necessitate the use of stronger medications like Arimidex.
Mildly Suppressive SARM Cycles: These cycles involve
minimal suppression of natural hormone production, making Clomiphene
and Nolvadex effective first-line treatments.
Moderate suppression may require additional support from medications
like Arimidex, while highly suppressive SARM cycles may necessitate more aggressive PCT protocols.
Is HCG Necessary?: While HCG is not absolutely necessary for all users, it can be beneficial for those experiencing significant testicular atrophy
or low testosterone levels. It helps stimulate the release of
LH and maintain testicular function, which can enhance recovery
outcomes.
FAQs: What are the main benefits of PCT? PCT restores hormonal balance, reduces the risk of side effects, supports
muscle retention, and promotes long-term health and performance.
When should I start PCT? Ideally, PCT should begin immediately after steroid use to maximize recovery and minimize complications.
What happens if I don’t do PCT? Unaddressed hormonal imbalances can lead
to permanent damage, including testicular atrophy and infertility.
How long is a PCT cycle? The duration varies depending on the individual
and the extent of suppression, typically ranging
from 4-6 weeks for mild cases. SARM users may
require longer cycles due to their suppressive effects.
SARMs vs. SERMs: While both classes of drugs are used in PCT, SERMs like
Clomiphene and Nolvadex directly stimulate testosterone production, whereas SARMs work by modifying the body’s response to hormones.
Clomid or Nolvadex for PCT? Or both? Both medications can be used together to
enhance recovery. Clomiphene is often used first
due to its stimulating effects on testosterone and estrogen blockade, while Nolvadex provides additional
support and addresses specific side effects like gynecomastia.
Do I need a PCT after using SARMs? While SARMs are not steroids, they can suppress natural hormone production. For mild suppression, Clomiphene
or Nolvadex may be sufficient, but more potent SARM
cycles may require stronger PCT protocols including Arimidex and HCG.
What does “Anti-E” mean? Anti-E refers to anti-estrogenic
agents, which are used in PCT to block estrogen receptors and reduce the negative effects
of estrogen dominance.
Final Thoughts on PCT: Properly implemented PCT is essential for
maintaining long-term health and performance.
It ensures that users can safely resume natural hormone production after steroid use, minimizing side effects
and preserving muscle mass. By following a well-structured PCT protocol,
bodybuilders and athletes can achieve optimal recovery and continue their journey with confidence.
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